The Witches Of Salem Witch Trials - 1371 Words

Joey Kimbro October 11, 2017 Honors English 3 Mrs. Tammen Salem Witchcraft Trial Theories In the 1690s â€Å"The â€Å"afflicted† girls [whom] made the accusations were some of the most powerless members of their society† (â€Å"Part II: The Witches of Salem†). Salem Witch Trials quickly became famous and researchers began exploring the multiple possibilities behind the trials. Although many theories were considered, none could explain why so many were accused and hanged. Notably, ergot poisoning was a highly considered theory for the Salem trials. Farming conditions in the western part of Salem Village, Putnam farmland, were warm, damp, and swampy, the perfect environment for fungus to grow. The poison from ergot would grow in rye and cereal grains.†¦show more content†¦Evidence points out, â€Å"...one of the afflicted girls [was a doctor s servant], and probably [had eaten] Putnam grain, since the doctor had no grain of his own; the Putnams [had] a huge amount of farmland, so many people [received] the Putnam grain† (Nekrosius’s Students). Ergot seems to be reasonable, especially since the Putnam’s farmland made up the vast majority of Salem Village. At one point, ergot could isolate and infiltrate the crop, then by the next year, there would be no sign of ergot. To identify whether the crop is infested or not, the rye would spew out yellow-colored mucus, but no one in Salem had any knowledge on the poison. Evidently, ergot poisoning also explains the sudden end to the trials. In 1692, a year after the trials began, there was a drought, so many crops were not able to grow and ergot poison could not spread. However, ergot poisoning was not the only theory suggested. Chiefly, encephalitis was considered to be another theory that explained the Salem trials. Encephalitis left people in coma-like trances and even dead. Symptoms included inflammation of the brain, headaches, fever, confusion, seizures, loss of hearing, and no control over eye muscles. Carlson provides with, â€Å"In 1916 physicians in Europe began to report puzzling symptoms in patients: convulsions, hyperactivity interspersed with periods of catatonic stupor, and severe eye-muscle disorders† (Mixon). Hence, the afflictedShow MoreRelatedWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1272 Words   |  6 PagesHistorians called this period the dark time when men and women hunted for witches known as the Salem Witch trials. European descents brought them the belief in witches and the devil. These beliefs that they believed in so much were from the teaching of the catholic church. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being believed they were witches and followers of Satan. Most of these executions were performed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Mainly all of the accused victims were womenRead MoreWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1676 Words   |  7 PagesWilliams, Mary Walcott, and Mary Warren are very important people in the Salem Witch Trials. There are conflicting opinions on whether or not witches exist. However, when taking a more in-depth look at the trials, it is very evident that witches in 17th century Salem did not exist; children were accusing people out of boredom, parents were using this as a type of revenge, and the witch tests were unjust. The 17th century Salem witch trials all started when 9-year-old Betty Parris and 11-year-old AbigailRead MoreWitches And The Salem Witch Trials1309 Words   |  6 Pageswhat when men and women hunted for witches known as the Salem Witch trials. This time will be forever remembered for the people in the town and the victims and family members of the horrifying time. European descents brought with many of them was the belief in witches and the devil. These beliefs that they believed in so much were from the teaching of the catholic church. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being believed they were witches and followers of Satan. Most of theseRead MoreThe Witches Of Salem Witch Trials1760 Words   |  8 PagesSalem, Massachusetts, the new English settlement for 17th century Protestants who wanted to purify the Church of England, was and is known for the atrocity that rattled the land. This atrocity, or The Salem Witch Trials, began around 1692, several years af ter the Puritans settled in Salem. During the Trials, an absurd amount of women, men, and even dogs were accused of being possessed by the Devil, thus making them perform witchcraft or wizardry on both townspeople and the townspeople’s valuablesRead MoreThe Witches : Salem Witch Trials Of 16922179 Words   |  9 Pagesrole did Tituba s confession to be a witch start the mass hunt for the witches in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692? This investigation will include details on the events that occurred after Tituba’s confession in Salem during 1962 and 1963. It will also include a brief description of society at the time and what societal pressures may have led to this horrific time. The first source that will be evaluated in depth is Stacy Schiff’s book â€Å"The Witches: Salem, 1692†, published in October 2015.Read MoreThe Witches : Suspicions, Betrayals And Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Stacy Schiff’s national bestseller The Witches highlights the suspicions, betrayals and hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials. In 1692, the commonwealth of Massachusetts executed five men, fourteen women, and two dogs for witchcraft. One might wonder how and why this Puritan colony became so caught up in this witch frenzy. In this book she is able to paint a clear picture of the panic that occurred among the people of Salem. â€Å"In three hundred years, we have not adequately penetratedRead MoreThe Salem Witches: Real or Imagined?1289 Words   |  5 Pages The Salem Witches: Real or Imagined? The Salem Witch Trials began because of a mysterious illness contracted by 11-year old Abigail Williams and her cousin Betty Paris (Burgan). Instead of looking for a logical explanation, the community immediately jumped to the conclusion that witches caused the girls curious behavior. Doctors commonly would diagnose an unknown illness as witchcraft, rather than looking for other explanations (Wolfinger). Erot of Rye, which causes severe contortions and hallucinationsRead MoreThe Hunt For Witches By William Golding1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hunt for Witches In 1692, Puritans practiced purity, worked hard and believed that God was the center of everything. The children were to be obedient to their parents and follow the ways of â€Å"pureness† outlined before them. They were to serve God and not participate in any form of witchcraft. The Puritans believed that anything that happened was either an act of God or the devil. However, the children loved the stories told by Tituba, a Barbadian slave, belonging to Reverend Parris and dancingRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : A Time Of Chaos And Panic Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pages The Salem Witch Trials were a time of chaos and panic. It began in 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. Three girls named Elizabeth (Betty) Parris, Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam began acting strange. They uttered odd words and sounds, threw things and had trance-like states. People were terrified and they didn’t know what to do. The fact that the girls had been playing a fortune telling game bef ore the strange behavior didn’t help the cause. After Reverend Parris (Elizabeth’s father) performedRead MoreSalem Witch Trials1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were a series of trials in which twenty-four people were killed after being accused of practicing witchcraft. These trials were caused by different social climates of the area including the very strong lack of a governor, the split between Salem Village and Salem Town, and the strict puritan lifestyle during the time period. Tituba, the black slave, was a foreigner from Barbados. Her role in society was to take care of Mr. Parris’s family. Tituba’s situation contributed

The Military in New Kingdom Egypt Free Essays

‘Explain the role and importance of the military in New Kingdom Egypt. ’ In New Kingdom Egypt, the military became very important. The army evolved from being a disorganised band of conscripted peasants into a lethal, professional outfit well equipped and ready for combat. We will write a custom essay sample on The Military in New Kingdom Egypt or any similar topic only for you Order Now Egypt became the most expansionist it had even been in its history. The emergence of Egypt’s army started in the 18th Dynasty when Ahmose expelled the Hyksos from Egypt. Tuthmosis I and Tuthmosis III and also Ramses II and Ramses III further maintained Egypt’s military strength in campaigns ranging from Nubia to Syria. Prior to the New Kingdom in Egypt, the country’s military was an unprofessional group made up at different times of peasants, Nubian and Greek mercenaries and the King’s personal troops. In the New Kingdom, this changed dramatically. For the first time Egypt had a standing army, and being a soldier brought prestige and social standing as it had not done in the past. With the advances in the way the army was made up, there were also major advances in the equipment they used. For the first time body armour was used, as well as the sickle sword. During the 18th Dynasty in Egypt, Ahmose brought military to the fore of Egyptian life. He was the first king of the 18th Dynasty and probably ruled from 1539-1514 BC. Ahmose attacked Avaris and subsequently the Palestinian fortress of Sharuhen to end the Hyksos’ reign over Egypt. Ahmose then turned to Nubia and Egypt’s land grew south to the Second Cataract. After this Ahmose returned his attentions to Palestine and may have led campaigns as far as the Euphrates. Tuthmosis I followed soon after Ahmose’s reign and was highly trained in military practises. He only ruled for a short time – around 1493-1481 BC. However Tuthmosis I was a very effective general and in several campaigns, Tuthmosis I reached Argo, the Third Cataract, in Nubia and also the Euphrates River – while fighting the Syrians. He also defended Egypt’s colonies against the Mitanni people. Tuthmosis III was also very focussed on military. It is possible he spent most of his younger years in the military as his stepmother and regent, Hatshepsut, took over the rule of Egypt when Tuthmosis III was only very young. Tuthmosis III only took over the governance of Egypt when Hatshepsut finally died, leaving him free to take his rightful place. He ruled from around 1504-1450 BC, although for part of that time Hatshepsut may have been ruling. However once Tuthmosis III was king of Egypt, he led many successful military campaigns. He has even been referred to as the ‘Napoleon of Egypt’. In the battle for Megiddo, Tuthmosis III led his troops to fight through a narrow pass where soldiers could only march single file. When the army emerged from the canyon it was discovered that the enemy troops has arranged their lines expecting an attack from the two easier routes, and the Egyptians subsequently defeated their enemy in battle. In other wars, Tuthmosis III and his army marched from Thebes along the Syrian coast and captured three cities. Every year after that, Egypt’s armies would march against Syria until dominance over Palestine was established. Tuthmosis III recorded the capture of 350 cities at Karnak and he finally took the Syrian city Kadesh in his 42nd year of rule. The military continued to play a part in Egypt’s affairs during the New Kingdom with Ramses II. He was part of the 19th Dynasty and ruled from 1279-1213 BC. His most well known campaign was the Battle of Kadesh, although he brilliantly maintained Egypt’s borders against the Sherden (pirates) and created a defensive line of forts along Egypt’s north western border. Ramses II also made a peace treaty with the Hittites, which led to Egypt prospering greatly. Furthermore, Ramses II secured the kingdom of Amurru to return to Egyptian influence, as it had been lost during his father’s reign. However the Battle of Kadesh was his most famous, although was neither a victory but more of a loss for the Egyptians. Ramses II advanced on the Hittite army from the south, but was led to believe by captured enemy scouts that the Hittites were still far away to the north. Ramses set up camp only to find that the Hittites had already arrived for battle, and tried to hurry the rest of his army forward. However, 2 500 Hittites ambushed them as they tried to meet up with Ramses’ forces and were defeated. The Hittites then attacked Ramses and his troops. According to documentation, Ramses almost single handedly held off the Hittites. However it may be the case that the Hittites were simply distracted by the riches in the camp. Ramses was then saved by the appearance of the Ne’arin, another body of troops, which Ramses had separated in order to approach Kadesh from the north. The armies may have fought again the next day, but the end result of the conflict was the peace treaty between the Egyptians and the Hittites. This then prevented Egypt from ever taking control of Kadesh. Ramses III was the last great Pharaoh of Egypt and ruled in the 20th Dynasty from 1184-1153 BC. In Ramses III’s reign, the Libyans attacked in the south but were crushed by the Egyptian army. However Ramses and Egypt had a more powerful threat to deal with: the Sea People, who had destroyed the Hittite empire. The Sea People moved in to Egypt from Syria with the intention of settling. Luckily for Egypt Ramses was quick to send his army to fend off the Sea Peoples and the crisis was averted at least for a time. Next the Sea People approached from the sea, a cleaver move considering Egypt’s poor naval force. However again Egypt fended off this attack and saved itself once more. Ramses again proved himself an effective general while defending from another attack from the Libyans and Meshwesh which left 2 000 enemy soldiers dead on the battlefield. However once the New Kingdom collapsed Egypt lost most (if not all) of it’s colonies and was mostly ruled by foreigner. No one ever saw the likes of what occurred in the New Kingdom again. The military in New Kingdom Egypt was an organised and prestigious machine unlike anything that Egypt had seen before. Several Pharaohs stood out from the rest in terms of what they did for Egypt: Ahmose, who expelled that Hyksos; Tuthmosis I and Tuthmosis III who led campaigns in Nubia, Argo, Syria and Kadesh; Ramses II and Ramses III were both excellent generals who maintained Egypt’s borders and fought to maintain the existence of Egypt. During New Kingdom Egypt the military became more important than it had ever been in the last years of power of the world’s most fantastic nations. How to cite The Military in New Kingdom Egypt, Papers

Religious Law for Islam and Homosexuality - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theReligious Law for Islam and Homosexuality. Answer: It is a well-known fact that homosexuality as well as any act of same-sex marriage is strictly prohibited by the Islam religion. Although Islam does condemn homosexuality, its condemnation of the same is highly ubiquitous. In other words, homosexuality is not distinctly mentioned in any of the religious scriptures of the Islam religion, and rather it is referred to as the actions of the people of Lot, that refers to Prophet Muhammads quote about condemning the people of Lot for the act of sodomy. Same sex marriage is highly condemnable as per the Islam Law because it is accused of causing moral decay (Jaspal, 2016). The Islam scriptures show three prominent reasons behind the non-acceptance of homosexuality and same-sex relations. First of all, same- sex marriage opposes and contradicts the divine law of creation and pro-creation. Secondly, it vandalizes social institutions such as marriage, and last of all, it also compels people to ignore Gods guidance in life. The present essay in tends to discuss and critically analyse the way Islamic people view the concept of homosexuality, and evaluate the reason behind the same as well. The Islamic scriptures strongly advice its followers that they should neither support nor should participate in any form of homosexual relation. In fact, it is important to note that the Islamic derogatory approach towards the issues of homosexuality and same sex marriage is clearly evident in the terms it uses to describe this act, which includes al-fahsha (meaning an obscene act), and shudhudh (meaning abnormality). First of all, it is important to state that the though process or approach to life of any person or community is influenced by the religious texts, ones religion asks him to subscribe to. Accordingly, since Quran is the central religious text of the Muslim people, it might be interesting to note what the Quran teaches the Islamic people about homosexuality. The holy book of the Muslims narrates the tale of Lut, whom God had punished for disobedience and transgression of the natural law of the universe. The Quran clearly states that whatever has been created in the unive rse, has been created in pairs. Thus, the pair of a male and a female indicates the fact that one is always expected to complement the other. The social institution of marriage is considered to be a holy institution in the Islamic religion, because it enables procreation, and it endorses the natural state in which everyone is supposed to live. The Quran clearly states that any person indulging in homosexual urges should be punished, though it does not strictly state what punishment is to be imposed on that person (Rahman, 2014). The nature of punishment ranges from imprisonment, flogging to death sentence, depending on the discretion of the jurists, and punishments are very common in countries like Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, at the same time, it is important to mention here that the Islam religion also acknowledges an individuals right to privacy and hence a person is often spared punishment, and is left to repent alone, if he has not perpetrated the act of homosexuality in pub lic (Mahomed, 2013). The Quran contains many quotes that strongly condemn the acts of homosexuality, as evident in the story of a city which was completely ravaged because of the rain of fire once its residents were found to have committed homosexual acts with the messengers sent by God to the Prophet Lot. While trying to understand the Islam religions view of homosexuality, it is important to understand the Shariah Law and its take on marriage. As it is a well-known fact that the Shariah Law is an integral part of the religious law of Islam. The Shariah law is essentially a law, that primarily concerns itself with actions, rather than emotions. Consequently, it does not view marriage as anything more than a social institution, unlike most of the other religions. It does not attach the need of love and companionship to marriage, and rather deems it to be nothing more than a mere contract agreed upon by both the parties. While the male party is expected to offer financial security to his female partner, the latter is expected to offer the former exclusive sexual access, ultimately facilitating procreation. This form of agreement entered upon by the husband and the wife is considered to be holy and divine, and hence the violation of this agreement deserves condemnation, as per the Sharia h Law. The Shariah Law also has another significant aspect, as it also upholds that marriage has no room for desire or inclination to indulge in, and thus if two people are engaged in relation or getting married out of sexual desire, as is the case of same sex marriage, they should deserve punishment (Rehman, 2015). There is no point denying the fact that the Quran as well as the Hadith have been vocal in condemning any form of homosexual act, and believes that it does lead to the moral ruin of the public. It is worthwhile to note here that here are innumerable passages in Hadith, that call for harsh punishments for any sort of homosexual activity. However, at the same time, it is important to note how each of these texts has condemned and disapproved any instance of anal sex amongst men, and has not stated much about the romantic relation that might have existed amongst the people of same sex (McGee, 2016). Although most of the religious scriptures have recommended strong punishment to the people accused of homosexual acts, how far these punishments have been applied in real life scenario in todays world is still questionable. However, countries such as Turkey, or Jordan may not punish the guilty in a rigorous way, legal persecution is common in most parts of Saudi Arabia. While trying to understand same-sex marriage from the perspective of the Islam religion, it is important to understand that marriage is not anything romantic or emotional for the Islam followers. Rather, the Islamic scriptures view marriage as a kind of exchange occurring between two parties, solely for the purpose of financial protection and security, as well as exclusive sexual and reproductive rights. Hence, the desire to connect with another person, or to love him, is violation of the marriage agreement of the Islamic tradition, and consequently same-sex marriage that violates this divine agreement is not approved here. Love and a feeling of companionship can develop in the process, but it should not be the reason why two people should tie the knot. Although equal marriage is already legalized in many nations, including UK and Scotland, the same-sex marriage Muslim couples are not allowed access to the basic public facilities, such as education and healthcare centres, social serv ice agencies, nursing homes, orphanages, and others. Just like Judaism, it should be noted, the Islam religion also endorses a religious view that is being conceived more in terms of the idiom of law, rather than determining the right and wrong from a humanitarian viewpoint. Any sexual act that does not involve the act of vaginal penetration is considered illicit. There is no point re-stating that since same sex marriage does not involve penetration, t is prohibited by the Islam Law, and is seen as a sexual contact outside marriage. With the passing of time, people have become more independent while considering about important decisions of life such as relationship and marriage, and many of them have also voiced strong protest against the condemnation of homosexuality. The Islamic take on love and desire is quite different which clearly explains its rigid stand against homosexuality. Feelings such as love are not of much importance in the Islamic religion, and action is more important here. If the feeling as love here can be translated into action, it is good, or else if it is disapproved by God, the feeling should be abandoned at that very moment. If any feeling compels a person to violate the religious norms, then that feeling is believed to be highly condemnable in Islam tradition (Prothero, 2016). Hence, same-sex marriage or even the act of professing love to the person of same sex is seen as a violation of religious laws. Also, it should be noted that procreation is one of the very important issues as per the Islamic Law, and hence same sex marriage that prevents the possibility of reproduction and procreation is considered to be an act that has no future at all. Marriage is a bond that is rewarded with the child, and marriage without procreation has no value at all, as suggested in Shahih Muslim: "O Messenger of Allah! When one of us fulfils his sexual desire, will he be given a reward for that?" And he said, "Do you not think that were he to act upon it unlawfully, he would be sinning? Likewise, if he acts upon it lawfully he will be rewarded." (Schnabel Sevell, 2017). To conclude, it should be remembered that most of the countries have legalized homosexuality and same-sex marriage, placing the call for humanity on top. However, the Islamic countries still prohibit the same and strictly punish the offenders. For example, in Saudi Arabia, , homosexual men are arrested and sentenced to prison on charges linked to "debauchery" - and faced flogging or even the death penalty in Iran and Saudi Arabia. In Egypt, gays are persecuted legally for "violating public morality." Reference List: Jaspal, R. (2016). Islam and Homosexuality.The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. Mahomed, N. (2013). Islam and Homosexuality, Samar Habib (Ed.): book review.Journal for Islamic Studies,33(1), 235-239. McGee, R. W. (2016). Do Liberals have Different Views on Homosexuality than Conservatives? An Empirical Study of Opinion in the United States. Prothero, S. (2016).Why Liberals Win the Culture Wars (Even When They Lose Elections): A History of the Religious Battles That Define America from Jefferson's Heresies to Gay Marriage Today. Harper Collins. Rahman, M. (2014). Islam versus Homosexuality as Modernity. InHomosexualities, Muslim Cultures and Modernity(pp. 27-48). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Rehman, J. (2015). Sexual Rights in the Religious State.J. Islamic St. Prac. Int'l L.,11, 49. Schnabel, L., Sevell, E. (2017). Should Mary and Jane Be Legal? Americans Attitudes toward Marijuana and Same-Sex Marriage Legalization, 19882014.Public Opinion Quarterly,81(1), 157-172.