The Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

The Business Plan - Essay Example Dark Horse Imports Inc. is dedicated to providing the Australian public with the best tasting, premium beer the world has to offer and also aims to control and distribute all SHAG related products for Australia. Dark Horse Inc. is a local management company in Australia which depends directly on The Spirit, Hop and Grape Company (Asia) Ltd. Dark Horse will import Shag lager from Malaysia and will take responsibilities of all the logistic process, from Malaysia to the final consumer, and also all the marketing and promotion activities. The management team for Shag is highly motivated and well qualified for the job. It will consist of Joseph P. Keenan II (CEO), Jacint Fit (CFO) and Benjamin Jeffery (Marketing and Sales). The first product that we will be launching will be SHAG, a premium lager "microbrew" type beer due to the lack of any real competition in this marketplace. The second product will be Blue SHAG Vodka plus, a delightful Vodka drink based with taurine, guarana and caffeine. The third product is a "fab" drink. Following the trend of "fab" drinks, SHAG will launch its own exciting range of fruit-flavoured fermented alcohol drinks. SHAG Beer: Brewed traditionally in Holland, with long lagering and fermentation process, Shag Lager has an alcoholic content of 5% ABV. Using natural spring water, superior malt, hops and yeast from Holland respectively. The end result is a premium lager superior to other major brands. Shag is supplied in 24-pack cases consisting of 300ML bottles in cluster (six-pack) packaging. Major Benefits - Superior Lager - Superior taste compared to other major brands in the market Potentially Strong Market Presence - for the growing and large Australian Beer Market Unique and Attractive Packaging Use of Superior Products from Holland Supplied in Convenient Packaging Blue SHAG Vodka plus: Vodka-based drink with taurine, guarana and caffeine. Described as being a better tasting product than most other Blue drinks, Blue Shag has an alcoholic content of 5.5% ABV. Its unique, 250ml bottle and their marketing plan through merchandising will ensure people keep coming back for more. Major Benefits- Unique Taste Aim for Customers 'wanting more' of Shag - 250 ml bottle Unique Marketing Plan Saleable as the Best Blue Drink in the market Appropriate Alcohol Content SHAG "fab": Following the trend if "fab" also called flavored alcoholic beverages, SHAG will launch its own exciting range of fruit-flavored, fermented alcohol drinks. Fab's has been widely credited with a maintained sales in an wider alcoholic drinks markets as the more traditional spirits markets decline . The combination of naturally fermented alcohol and delicious fruit juices will

Implant of Radio-frequency identification tags in human body has more pros than cons Essay Example for Free

Implant of Radio-frequency identification tags in human body has more pros than cons Essay 1.0 Introduction RFID is the wireless non-contact use of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data. The purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. Since RFID tags can be attached to clothing, possessions, or even implanted within people the possibility of reading personally-linked information without consent has raised privacy concerns. There are three types of RFID such as passive, semi-passive and active. For the passive RFID tags does not contain a battery, the power is supplied by the reader. When radio waves from the reader are encountered by passive RFID tag, the coiled antenna within the tag forms a magnetic field. For the semi-passive RFID tags are very similar to passive tags except for the addition of a small battery. This battery allows the tag IC to be constantly powered. Semi-passive RFID tags are faster in response and therefore stronger in reading ratio compared to passive tags. Therefore, the active RFID tag when it is equipped with a battery that can be used as a partial or complete source of power for the tag’s circuitry and antenna It may have longer range and larger memories than passive tags as well as the ability to store additional information sent by the transceiver. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for human implants and investigates the technological feasibility of such implants for locating and tracking persons or for remotely controlling human biological functions. A human microchip implant is an identifying integrated circuit device or RFID transponder encased in silicate glass and implanted in the body of a human being. A subdermal implant typically contains a unique ID number that can be linked to information contained in an external database, such as personal identification, physiological characteristics, health, medical history, medications, allergies, and contact information. A classical example of human identification based on RFID-implant is given by the VeriChip tag (11 mm long and about 1mm in diameter) which contains numerical code (identifiers) readable at 10 centimeters or less using a handheld reader. When illuminating by the low-frequency magnetic field (134 KHz) generated by the reader, the RFID tag powers itself up and transmits a 16-digit code that is unique to the tag. Recent developments in RFID technology have opened up new potential applications, where RFID devices are implanted in the human body for locating and tracking persons or for remotely controlling human biological functions. 2.0Content 2.1Medical field The primary goal of applying RFID technology in healthcare is to improve patient safety. First, RFID is a valuable tool for quickly retrieving patient information, allergies, and medication the patient is currently taking or medication a doctor will prescribe to the patient and monitoring patient location in hospitals so as to improve the accuracy of patient identification. Besides, microchip contains a unique identification number that emergency personnel may scan to immediately identify the patient and access his or her personal health information, thus facilitating appropriate treatment without delay. This is especially important for patients who suffer from conditions that may render them unconscious, confused, or unable to communicate. Doctors would also be able to decide the needed equipment and medication with minimal delay in an emergency case where every second is decisive. With the implanted chip, a RFID reader, and a wireless connection, a doctor or nurse can pull up the patient’s information, or even update the patient information in real time. Some benefits of this include less patient mix-up, being able to access the patient information in real time, and fewer mistakes due to human error during data recording. Productivity would increase since the doctors and nurses would not have to go to a computer to enter in the updated information. This would allow doctors and nurses to focus more on their professional duties Alzheimer disease, the most common form of dementia which has no cure till date, the most common symptoms is difficult to remember recent events. This has place great burden on caregivers as they have to constantly look after the patient, worrying them lose track in middle of nowhere. By implanting RFID tags in those patients, it is easy to identify and monitor the location and keep track of those patients with Alzheimer disease for their safety purposes. Alerting services can identify possible human errors and warn care providers in case of danger. For example, automatic sponge counting by RFID can avoid sponge left inside the patient body. 2.1.1Evidence 1) VeriChip, the company that hold the rights and patents to the implantable chip for humans, has sold 7,000 chips with 2,000 of which have been placed in people, according to Scott Silverman, chairman of Applied Digital, which owns VeriChip. The company’s present focus is tagging â€Å"high-risk† patients, such as those with diabetes, heart conditions or Alzheimer’s. (July 30, 2007) 2) According to a survey on employed professional and semi-professional people done in Pittsburgh, US, 62.5% of the total respondents (comprises of both sexes with equal votes) were willing to accept implants for medical reason 3) A number of RFID-related software applications were developed in Taiwan. Some of these applications focused on the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to prevent spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) disease. These applications include computerized systems for monitoring the body temperature of healthcare personnel and patients with implanted RFID tag in the hospital, track potential virus carriers and, when necessary, map their movements throughout hospitals and keeping track of people under quarantine in facilities separate from hospitals. 4) Don Mackechnie, the chairman of the British Medical Associations Accident and Emergency committee, and a consultant at the Rochdale Infirmary, said: Such a device (RFID tag implantation) could prove very useful in a situation where we have an unconscious patient with an unknown medical history. 5) Twenty-five Alzheimers patients were implanted with radio frequency identification chips that can be linked to their medical records and be tracked if they are lost. The patients were implanted at the 2007 Alzheimers Educational Conference in West Palm Beach, Florida. The chips, from VeriChip Corp., Delray Beach, Calif., work with the vendors VeriMed Patient Identification System. Each chip contains a 16-digit identification number that is linked to a patients medical records in a database at the medical facility. Waving the vendors RFID reader over a patient implanted with a chip can capture the number. Emergency personnel can also use the scanner to identify patients. The event was sponsored by Alzheimers Community Care, a local provider organization. Those who elected to receive the chip are not part of VeriChips recently announced study with the organization, which will implant 200 Alzheimers patients and their caregivers with the chips. In the study, the patients medical record will include their Alzheimers diagnosis, related medications, caregiver contact information, and other information. 2.2Human Tracking A tracking function could aid authorities in locating missing people such as kidnapping victim. As the numbers of abduction are surging nowadays, RFID implant in human body become the most effective way to fight against this crime. RFID implant in human body can help the authorities to identify their location if they were kidnapped. In fact, RFID implants in children are gaining popularity in Latin American and Russian markets, where parents fear that their children may be kidnapped and are therefore willing to brand them electronically in the hope that it will make it easier to trace kidnapped victims. One of the current issues of the world is the escalating numbers of crime. Because of this, authorities may use RFID tracking chips to track fugitives, terrorists, criminals and more. For example, by implanting the RFID tag into the criminal body, it would be easy to track them if they escape by any means. This chip allows the authority to track back the fugitives easily as the tag will locate the location of the criminal. This implantation will certainly help to ensure the safety of citizens from escaped felons at all time. Besides, these tags are incredibly versatile and may help the lives of countless people with chronic medical problems as well as keeping track of the vulnerable members (extremely young and old) of our society. A vulnerable elderly need this tags because of disability to remember the way back home, age or illness, and may be unable to take care or protect themselves against significant harm or exploitation. So a tag on old people can let the authorities find back them easily. Furthermore, schools are taking advantage of biometrics and RFID technology, as they are cognizant of the increasingly more complex responsibility of keeping children accounted for and safe from arrival through after school programs to transport home. 2.2.1Evidence 1) A real case of implantation of RFID happened in Mexico. According to the 2011 Mexican congressional report, kidnappings have jumped 317 percent in the past five years. Surprisingly, one fifth of instances have involved police officers or soldiers, which leads to a mistrust of these authority figures. Thus, some of the Mexicans pay for the implantation of RFID to protect themselves, so that they could be tracked in the case of being kidnapped. They are now having themselves implanted with RFID tracking chips which can help them to be rescued. Xega, the Mexican company that sells the chips and performs the implants, says its sales have increased 40 percent in the past two years. The company says it has successfully helped rescue 178 clients in the past decade. 2) In Brazil, where Applied Digital has already signed a deal on 2004 to supply RFID tracking chips to distributors in Brazil to help them to fight against kidnapping. Government official says that the chips could be used to t rack down victims via satellite. 2.3Convenience With an RFID implant in the human body, shopping could be as easy as waving your hand and such routine tasks would take less time. The customer can automate the process by simply scanning their implanted chip and the business could match the customer and shipment numbers with the barcode number on the item that is to be returned. They would no longer need a receipt to do so and prevent unnecessary arguments. This new technology makes the purchasing function faster and more convenient. If a bank account or credit card account is linked to an implanted microchip, making a purchase would be extremely fast and safe. Consumers can also enjoy the peace of mind knowing that there is a greatly reduced change of having their â€Å"card† stolen because it would be imbedded in their hand. Perhaps by utilizing microchip implants banking/credit card applications, females would not have to carry a purse everywhere they go and in turn reduce the risk of theft and, thus, reducing identity theft and fraud, which also appeared to be an important issue to women. Moreover, employers are exploring the advantages of utilizing these technologies to ensure only those employees authorized can enter buildings, turn on lights, access computers, change office thermostat settings and operate specialized machinery safely and according to set standards based on a system that can authenticate those employees who meet the re-determined levels of permission. With the implantation of RFID chips, people could stop worrying about keys for their house and cars, the lock code of doors, computers, and much more. Kevin Warwick, a professor had a microelectrode array implanted in the median nerve fibers of his left arm that allowed him to develop a system that could connect his nervous system and a computer (Foster and Jaeger 45). Some people who had RFID chips implanted in their bodies have developed circuits that will allow them to start their cars by waving their hands near a reader (Foster and Jaeger 45). It would certainly reduce the cases of car stolen as the cars cannot be accessed by people other than the specified person. People can access all of their things with the single micro chips that they have implanted inside their body. 2.3.1Statistics Based on a survey done in Pittsburgh, USA, it was found that working professionals between the ages of 25 and 36 years will be more adaptable to the microchips implant technologies than other age groups. Numerous studies have also shown that younger people are more likely to adapt to this new technology, particularly those who fall in the age category of 25 to 36, since they are most likely representative of the younger well-educated professionals. 2.3.2Evidence 1) Baja Beach Club in Barcelona, Spain Launches Microchip Implantation for VIP members (first discotheque in the world to offer the VIP VeriChip) on 7 April, 2004 * Using an integrated (imbedded) microchip, the VIPS can identify themselves and pay for their food and drinks without the need for any kind of document (ID). Special zone at Baja beach Club where only VIPs are allowed contains various exclusive services for these members. Therefore, they wont have to carry a wallet. By simply passing by our reader, the Baja beach Club will know who you are and what your credit balance is. From the moment of their implantation they will also have free entry and access to the VIP area The customers like the fact that they do not have to carry a credit card or ID card with them and with the VeriPay system, they no longer have to worry about their credit cards getting lost or stolen. 2) 18 staff members of the Mexican Attorney Generals office have been implanted with the Verichip to control access to a data room * Mexicos top federal prosecutors and investigators began receiving chip implants in their arms in November 2003 in order to get access to restricted areas inside the attorney generals headquarters, said Antonio Aceves, general director of Solusat, the company that distributes the microchips in Mexico.† Although the technology can be out there to duplicate (a chip), but what can’t be stolen is the unique identification number and the information that is tied to that number†, said by director of RFID analysis at ABI Research Inc. based on theory that the chips could be as secure as existing RFID-based access control systems such as the contactless employee badges widely used in corporate and government facilities. Silverman said his companys system is nevertheless safe because its chips can only be read by the companys proprietary scanne rs. 2.4Customers Relationship Management Companies could track customers’ personal purchases and send promotional items personally tailored to their customers. This has the potential to be a safe and cost-effective way to improve marketing and customer services of companies. Hence, improving customer services is where the benefits are more apparent for implant. The second improvement to CRM identified is the improvement of dispute resolution through reverse logistics. With this technology, any purchases that are made in a store can be database and store for later recollection. For example, this may mean that if a customer needs to return an item they would no longer need a receipt to do so. The customer can automate the process by simply scanning their implanted chip and the business could match the customer and shipment numbers with the barcode number on the item that to be returned. This application of relatively inexpensive technology could stop the countless hours and aggravation that customer service managers spend on trying to accommodate consumer’s disputes. It would also get a great distance on stopping fraud and other scams that cost stores millions of dollars each year. If it is more difficult to forge documentation of a purchase then potential thieves would seek easier prey for customer fraud and theft. Besides, purchasing made by customers is faster by using RFID which will help companies work more efficiently and effectively. This will help company to reduce time and cost and improve company performances. Another important improvement that is identified in the conceptual model is the ability of this new technology to make the purchasing function faster and more convenient. If widespread acceptance could be achieved, there is a distinct possibility that credit and banking cards may become obsolete in the near future. If a bank account or credit card account is linked to an implanted microchip, making a purchase would be extremely fast and safe. This implication would serve credit card companies in its ability to stop credit card theft, since a relatively simple precaution may be used that invalidates the microchip if tampered with and forcibly removed. Huge savings may be realized if even small reductions in credit card and identity theft were possible. This enhanced security would allow credit card companies’ capital to increase the credit lines of their consumers and also potentially lower interest rates. 3.0Conclusion In conclusion, RFID applications can provide significant benefits to the healthcare industry to ensure patient safety, avoid medical errors as well as improve efficiency. In fact, healthcare is predicted to be one of the major growth areas for RFID. Besides, RFID can keep track of elderly, children and fugitives. This will help to prevent happening of crimes. Moreover, this new technology makes the purchasing function to be faster and more convenient. Lastly, service marketing indicatives could use standard CRM principles to properly track, treat, and order required products and services that personally identify the customer, the needed services, and the proper billing information for such services.

Dubais Tourism Industry

Dubais Tourism Industry Introduction Dubai is a member country of the Middle East region. The whole of this region generally attracts few tourists thanks to political turmoil which over the decades have generated tensions and uncertainties not only in the region but also in the whole world. Some other hindrances to effective tourism development in the region include lack of poor state of infrastructural development, limited promotion and lack of attractions. In spite of all these setbacks, Dubai has however managed to see a flourishing tourism industry save for its tourism policies. The authorities in the country have managed to implement sound economic diversification programmes which together with extensive marketing have resulted in a booming tourism industry. Dubai has heavily invested in expensive state of the art facilities, undertaken deep marketing and these has resulted in the growth of her tourism. Her future expectations are very high as reflected by the setting of sky rocketing arrival targets. Actually Duba i has demonstrated a capability to overcome the challenges faced by the tourism industry and has established itself as an authority in the industry with a very high growth rate. This therefore makes Dubai an interesting example of a booming Middle East centre for tourism that is fast creating new and more opportunities and realizing its full potential. This notwithstanding, there are some constraints that which may inhibit the potentiality of Dubais tourism industry to be achieved. These factors call for review of policies and strategies. Destination development is a key factor in tourism literature and research approaches this theme from various disciplines and perspectives. These perspectives are; Government policies. Destinations spatial evolution Business strategies and marketing Development impacts A critical analysis of these factors helps indicate whether a place considered for resort is likely to grow into a major tourism hub or not. For the case of Dubai, tourism has progressed very well over the last three decades and the figures below affirm to this: Factors central to tourism development in Dubai Socio- Political Stability Unlike most of its neighbors Dubai has enjoyed relative calmness over the centuries. Being stable in terms of economics, political and social domains is very important in ensuring smooth development of tourism. This is because disturbances scare away investors as well as tourists and the whole industry as tour operators and agents are discouraged. Dubai being one of the federations of the United Arabian Emirates has lived to the true spirit of the federation. Proceeds from sale of oil have enabled Abu Dhabi to finance the federation Thereby improving the standards of living and providing security. The rest of the emirates, in return provide Abu Dhabi with some strength both geographically and demographically. Over the years there has been an uninterrupted political stability in Dubai together with economic prosperity. Dubai enjoys autonomy in making of economic policies although it has to support other emirates in such matters as defense and foreign relations. Regionally, Dubai acts as an entrepot and promotes herself as the Gulfs financial nexus. Globally, Dubai is viewed as a liberal cosmopolitan society with almost nil threats of crimes and civil unrest. Dubai is a Muslim state in which women are traditionally inferior to men yet other religions are tolerated. More than 80% of her population is entirely made up of expatriates. Government tourism policy Tourism can only thrive in areas where the political systems clearly define the economic policies in a manner that is consistent with the revolutionary needs of the ever growing tourism industry. The semi- autonomous government of Dubai has been actively involved in initiating sound policies geared towards improving its tourism industry. The federal authorities have identified tourism as a major economic pillar. Accordingly, the government has heavily invested in infrastructure. Pressured by the spirit of the federation policies, Dubai has made significant improvement in her investment in tourism. Interest in tourism grew against a background of decrease in oil production and the need for diversification of economic activities. Dubai positioned tourism at the centre of this diversification programme together with construction, real estate, media and financial trading. Dubai has also engaged the services of international advisers and external consultants to help in preparation of strategies to be adopted in improving the growth of the industry. All these measures have seen Dubai earn a reputation of being a tourism hub in the Middle East. Accessibility Tourism development in Dubai is closely linked to its advances in the transport sector and its accessibility to the outside world. Dubai has clear ambitions of being a major focus in the air transport in the whole region and to this effect the Dubai authorities are putting in place the necessary infrastructural facilities. Dubais civil aviation has progressed quite well and its airport is among the top twenty busiest in the world as measured by the passenger volume. Between 1990 and 2004, about 20 million passengers were carried by 100 airlines serving operating between 145 different destinations. The Dubai airport is expected to handle about one forty million passengers in the next few years. In addition the Dubai government is preparing for a new airport so as to carter for increased freights. The Emirates airline is internationally reputed to offer the most excellent services in the region. Some of her planes are the most technologically sophisticated in the world and has won awards and recognition for good customer services. Dubai boasts of the worlds longest fully automated railway system stretching a distance of 43 miles and serving 47 stations. This project is made up of twelve elevated stations, nine kilometers of an underground truck, and an overground truck stretching fifteen kilometres. An upcoming project is on the way to construct a 1500 railway line. This proposed line will connect Dubai to Oman, Saudi Arabia Qatar and the other emirates. Again Dubai is one of the emirates that provide a hub for large cruise ships. Attractions Dubai has a rich attraction centre on its 64 kilometres long coast line. This magnificent coastline boasts of several high ranking tourist resort centres boasting of such important tourist activities as sailing, skiing, surfing, fishing, bird watching and golfing. The desert provides tourists with magnificent excursions for camel riding, sand skiing, dune driving, exploration of wadis and visits to selected oases and forts. Dubai city also has an extensive network of shopping malls where world varieties are readily stocked. The industrial development of the city has in the recent past attracted large hordes of investors who also double as tourists. Elegant sky scrappers are a common view in Dubai which has greatly added to the scenic beauty of the city. Well designed road networks with underground tunnels as well as over ground networks have gone a long way in eradicating traffic jams which is a common menace in several countries thereby ensuring smooth flow of traffic. Tourists no longer have to spend too much time in the city waiting for traffic jams to recede as was the case a few years ago. Amenities The essential amenities required by tourists are chiefly the accommodation. In Dubai the development of hotel industry is a top government agenda. Hotel rooms have more than doubled in the past decade and the number is fast increasing. Currently there are about three hundred hotels with well equipped recreational facilities. Development of hospitality is largely due to the relaxation of land leasing rules and several five-star properties are expected very soon. Among this is a hydropolis hotel constructed up to twenty meters under water. Review Potential challenges. The emergence of Dubai as a major tourist centre is largely due to the prevailing economic, socio-cultural, political and historical structures which have shaped the tourism growth. This development has been driven by strong government policies which are geared towards reshaping of economic policies for sound development. Dubai actually has pursued a strategy of heavy expenditure and intervention geared towards attainment of tourisms future goals. Internal peace and stability prevailing in Dubai and the neighboring countries has helped a lot to boost tourism activity. This is because the political stability has enabled foreign investors to consider venturing in Dubai in such areas as transport, accommodation and attraction. Vigorous marketing of the tourism industry has assisted in elimination of original inefficiencies and barriers to effective tourism development. By undertaking proper strategic policies, Dubai has been able to surmount the setbacks which are hampering new upcoming tourism destinations. Given the potential setbacks, there are some doubts as to whether Dubais long term vision of becoming the worlds chief tourism hub will be met. One major setback is lack of political stability in the Middle East region. Political turmoil in such countries as Iraq and Afghanistan have reportedly spilled over to neighboring countries and Dubai is never immune to these. Terrorists have of late found flesh grounds for unveiling terror against the West in moderate countries such as Dubai. Elimination of tourism from the Middle East is a key step towards the realization of Dubais tourism vision. Any act of terrorism will have far reaching effects in Dubais economy and the tourism industry in particular. Another impediment to tourism development is lack of enough land for expansion. Dubais geographical size is a natural limitation to its development. Progressive growth of the city requires more and more land for expansion. However, this cannot be achieved in Dubai where land prices are skyrocketing while the available facilities are not enough to meet the demands of modern tourism as necessitated by large numbers of tourists visiting Dubai annually. Another challenge to growth of tourism in Dubai lies in her attractions and promotion. Dubais tourism inventory is scanty compared to its competitors in the Mediterranean, Caribbean and Far East. Dubai has an extremely narrow collection of natural and cultural heritage. Concentration on beach activities and grand shopping malls has not done enough to secure the much envied pride. For a period of less than 50 years Dubai has undergone a lot of industrial progress which has seen it rise to the status of an industrial power in the Middle East. This change is clearly evidenced in the economic, cultural and social development of Dubai. Contrary to major western countries where the industrialization process took a very long time, Dubai has undergone it in only relatively short time. Tourism development in Dubai is still growing and it is important to bear in mind that there are several schemes that are not yet completed. The fulfillment of these schemes and the realization of their visions is the aim of the Dubai authorities. However these will depend on the availability of a favorable and reliable environment clear of uncertainties. Doubts have also been expressed concerning the feasibility of some of these visions. The demands of modern tourism have not yet been met in Dubai. CONCLUSION The study of tourism in Dubai shows how a small and relatively remote country with little natural attractions can become an internationally reputed tourist attraction centre. In Dubai potential weaknesses and threats have been turned into strengths and opportunities. The all year round hot weather and ugly desert landscape have been changed to provide modern needs of tourism. Technology has actually enabled the tourism industry to prevail regardless of the harsh weather conditions and some other geographic impediments. Economic prosperity has provided funds to support the expansion of the infrastructure upon which the tourism industry is pillared. This has seen speed growth of the air transport, modern railway lines and well developed communication infrastructure. The lavish metro-politan state founded on economic prosperity is a natural attraction for tourists. All these features have been tactfully marketed in such a manner that they have been able to lure tourists from all over th e world to this small country which was until recently unknown to the outside world. All this has been achieved in spite of the general perception that the Middle East is a dangerous place unfit for tourists and investors. Dubai has considerably achieved some progress in negotiating the barriers that have for long impaired the development of tourism in the Middle East and areas beyond. The achievements in Dubai are of interest to not only the rest of the emirates but also other tourist destination which aim at attaining the global recognition. However tourism development in Dubai is still ongoing and research is being done to monitor Dubais tourism evolution. Important lessons can then be learnt from Dubais experience with tourism and the relevance of its tourism model can be assessed to ascertain their suitability in the context of other upcoming tourist destinations. The results of this will no doubt contribute to an increased understanding of the tourism industry which has largely been neglected in the Middle East due to misconceptions.

Lasting Love Requires Chemistry and Commitment Essay -- Relationships

Little girls dream about love. Young girls long to be loved. Maturing young women desire love. Actually, from the womb to the grave the need to be loved is a craving that must be satiated. Love can be an ever eluding force to be reckoned with. In contrast, love can capture a heart in a moment and last a lifetime. Love can be found in the imaginary world of fairy tales. However, love takes on a whole new dimension when one views it through the lens of reality. True love can last a lifetime. Little girls begin to watch fairy tale stories pertaining to love long before they can ever really understand such a thing. Yet, they are born with the need to be loved. There are many Disney movies that depict the fairy tale love that are the dreams dancing around in the head of almost every little girl. Jacob and Wilelm Grimm wrote what is believed by some to be the original version of the Cinderella story. The story differs from modern-day versions of the tale. Cinderella’s mother was dying. The mother said, â€Å"Dear child, I must leave you now, but I will look down on you from heaven. Plant a tree on my grave, and when you want something just shake the tree, and you shall get what you want. I will help you in time of need. Just remain pious and good† (Gromm 405). Cinderella remained pure in heart and good despite all that her evil stepmother and stepsisters caused her to endure. Furthermore, true to her promise Cinderella’s mother became her savin g grace. She always provided what her daughter needed. It was through that provision that against all odds Cinderella found true love. In the fairy tale, the difference in social status did not thwart love. It would have been highly unlikely that the prince would have chosen Cinder... ...r would lead to a security that would allow total abandonment of one’s self to another. While the little girl who needs love is growing into the woman who will experience love, the little boy is playing war games and growing into the man who will protect and provide for the woman. Men and women define love differently, experience love differently, and express love differently. However, both in their own way deep down in their inner most being long for and would do almost anything to obtain a love that will last a lifetime. Works Cited: Carey, Benedict. "The Brain in Love." Lztterell, Catherine G. Remix. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010. 400-404. Gromm, Jacob and Wilelm. "Cinderella." Latterell, Catherine G. Remix. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010. 405-413. Hooks, Bell. "Baba abd Daddy Gus ." Latterell, Catherine G. Remix. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010. 372-378.

Effects of conflict on productivity Essay

List of Figures and Tables Page Study population – Table 3.1 8 Response rate -Table 4.1 9 Causes of Conflict – Table 4.2 9 Causes of Conflict – Pie Chart 4.1 10 Effects of Conflict – Table 4.3 10 Effects of Conflict – Pie Chart – 4.2 11 (vi) Chapter One INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Lucgeor Enterprises was registered in 1998 as a general merchant business but specialized in supplyof printed and general stationery amongst others. Since its registration , Lucgeor has never looked back and have dominated the supply of stationery to most of the businesses in Mombasa and surrounding towns. The company has 43 members of staff who have the necessary skills and commitment to the ideals of the organization in all respect. The management of Lucgeor Enterprises are people of long standing experience in the Printing and stationery business. They have instilled good team work and participatory management of the organization which has seen the organization take a lead in the stationery supply business. The company aims to gain a huge market share through various approaches including cost leadership , service differentiation and focused attention aimed at persuading their customers and potential clents i of their quality service provision and pocket friendly prices. The company makes good use of ICT to reach its clients thus saving on time and costs. Lucgeor Enterprises which is based at Bondeni area along Abdel Nasser Street, has for the last twoand half years been going through some conflicts between and amongst its staff. The conflicts have in away slowed or derailed the smooth operations of the company and more importantly affected its service delivery to key clients who have had to wait for hours or days for goods to be delivered. This tr end is unlike in the past when service provision took precedence over all else. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT The company has had strained relations amongst its workforce lately which hampers its service deliv ery activities. The complaints registered with management regarding poor service delivery to customer s  are becoming the norm rather than the exception. If the trend is not arrested in good time, the impact of the conflicts within the organization may end up destroying the company and with it the livelihood of a good number of employees and even the owners. 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY (i) To establish the causes of conflict at Lucgeor Enterprises (ii) Effects of conflicts at Lucgeor Enterprises and (iii) To seek for appropriate solutions to the conflicts. 1.4 Research Questions (I) What are the causes of conflict at Lucgeor Enterprises? (ii) What are the effects of conflict at Lucgeor Enterprises and? (iii) Which are the most appropriate solutions to the conflicts? 1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY (i) To the Researcher The study would give the researcher a first hand experience on what causes conflicts, conflict situ ations, effects of conflicts on organizational productivity, teams and team work and hopefully enable the researcher to find best conflict management approaches which could help organizations in conflict t o overcome such conflict situations in their organizations in the best way possible . 1 recommendations given as anecdotes to the conflict situations in the organization thus unlocking the potentials of the business to serve its customers effectively by managing the conflicts sensitively . (iii) To other Researchers The study would give future researchers ready information for reference  purposes and to enable them fill the gaps that may be noted and hopefully improve the conflict prevention , containment , avoid ance and management activities in organizations thus enhancing positive industrial relations in organizations, besides increasing the body of knowledge available for consultation and experimentation. (iv) To Mount Kenya University Future researchers would utilize the findings of this study for reference purposes and the foundation upon which they may further their research on conflicts, based on available findings , conclusions and recommendations thus filling the gaps that may be noted and hopefully improve the conflict prevent , containment , avoidance and management activities in organizations thus enhancing positive indus relations in organizations. 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY Effects of Conflict on Organizational productivity study, was an attempt to understand the effects of conflict amongst employees of an organization on their productivity and the overall productivity of the organization in achieving its objectives.. The study was conducted amongst the employees of Lucgeor Enterprises at their place of work at Bondeni area and it took approximately 6 months. 1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY (a) Lack of Time The researcher due to time constraints was faced with serious juggling between the research work ti me  and the daily work related responsibilities, all of which required a piece of his time. Fortunatelythe researcher was able to work through and ensured that none was given a raw deal and the project completed in time. (b) Limited Information The researcher due to the nature of organizational policies and communication strategy, received l mited i information on the basis that the providers i.e the staff, never fully trusted the intentions of the researcher. But to authenticate the information provided, the researcher went the extra mile to independently v erify the same with the top management who were more than willing to clarify provided information and eve tied the loose ends thus affording the researcher a clear picture of the inf rmation required for the o research work. (c) Reluctance by employees to respond The researcher faced the prospects of failure by the staff to respond to interviews, answer questio nnaires. The employees reluctance to respond, our investigations found were due to fear of victimization by management for divulging company information to outsiders whose intentions were not clear to them. To circumvent this, the researcher consulted the management who gave unequivocal assurance to the staff that they will not be victimized since the researcher was a student whose details they had authenticated and was simply doing research as part of their course work. the assurance saved theday and enabled them to respond positively given the requirements of the project. 2 Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION Conflict is a common denominator to all social life. It is an inevitable part of our lives becauseit is related to situations of scarce resources, division of functions, power relations and role differeniation. t Because of its pervasive and ambagious nature, conflicts have led scholars and administrators to qu estion whether they understand its meaning and relevance and how best to cope with conflict should one arise. The normative conception of conflict, strongly influenced by a preoccupation with stability and equilibrium in organizational design, links conflict to violence, destruction, inefficiency and irrationality This form of intellectual myopia was especially invidious in suggesting that administrators have th e responsibility of avoiding, controlling or eliminating conflicts. Descriptive approaches challenge the whole basis and rationale of these assumptions. They permit usto depart from an outmoded paradigm by suggesting that any social interaction in which the parties (however they may be structured or defined) compete for scarce resources or values have the potenti l for a conflict. Using the term in broad sense , we suggest that conflict refers to all kinds of antagonis tic  interactions. More specifically, it can be defined as a situation in which two or more partie have s  incompatible objectives and in which their perceptions and behaviour are commensurate with the incompatibility. This definition is purposely broad. It suggests that conflict is a social phenomenon that is found in personal, group or organizational interactions. Conflict therefore has several dimensions. Fink 5 distinguishes between (I) Antagonistic- psychological relations and (ii) Antagonistic behaviour Likewise Pondy 6 observes that conflict is made up of (I)Antecedent conditions (ii) Affective conditions (iii) Cognitive conditions and (iv) Behavioural conditions We therefore advance a conception which emphasizes its three, interrelated dimensions, namely (1)Conflict situation (the basic incompatibility) (2) Conflict attitudes (Range of psychological factors) and (3) Conflict behaviour (set of related behaviour) Conflict refers to more than just overt behaviour. Concentrating only upon its behavioural manifestation is an extremely limiting exercise. The three dimensional conceptions of conflict emphasizes the ne d to e consider the situation in which parties (Individuals, groups or organizations ) come to possess incompatible goals, their structure of interaction and the nature of their goals. We have to consid er  emotional (e.g distrust) and Cognitive ( e.g Stereotyping) orientations that accompany a conflict situation as well as a range of action undertaken by any party in a situation of conflict. 2.2 Theoritical Review / Conceptual Framework Stephen Robbins makes a strong case for the need for a more realistic approach to conflict with his â€Å"Interactionist Approach†. He states that there are three basic managerial attitudes toward conflicwhich t  he identifies as traditional behavioural and interactionist. The traditionalist, following our so cial  teaching believes that all conflicts are destructive and management’s role is to get them out of th e  organization. The traditionalist, therefore, believes conflict should be eliminated. Thebehaviouralist seeks to rationalize the existence of conflict and accurately perceives conflict as inevitable inomplex c  organizations or relationships. Thus the behaviouralist â€Å"accepts† it . The Interactionist views conlict as f  absolutely necessary, encourages opposition, defines management of conflict to include stimulationas well as resolution and considers the management of conflict as a major responsibility of all administrators. 3 The interactionist view is accepted and encourages conflict. Avoiding a disagreement doesn’t make t go i away. We need to be aware of conflict and make decisions about what we are going to do about it. Conflicts only become negative when it is not approached and resolved. Lack of communication amongst group members can lead to avoidance of conflict. When that happens, the group can lose its effectiveness. group members and leaders need to to be able to resolve conflict successfully. Likeany other leadership skills, conflict management can be learnt. Conflict Management Conflict is inevitable in any interpersonal relationship or among members of any group. Whereas we meet various types of conflicts in our lives, we are at a lose as to what to do when one arises. Ma ny  people tend to leave conflict situations e.g if one breaks out in a group. Why do we shy away from dealing with conflict? . It is because we were raised to believe t hat conflict is something to beavoided, an experience of failure. However conflict does not have to lead to failure, or even to the termin ation of  relationship. we all come to see and experience the world in a different way, and we all have different ideas about what is best for â€Å"my group† or â€Å"our group†. Recognizing this fact can help free us from the negative conclusion that conflict is a signal of failure. Styles of Conflict Management (a) Competing – An individual pursues his or her own concerns at the expense of the other person. This is a power oriented mode. Competing may even mean standing up for your rights, defending a positio n which you believe correct, or simply trying to win. (b) Accommodating – The opposite of competing When accommodating, an individual neglects his or her own concerns to satisfy the concerns of the other person. there is an element of self sacrifice this in mode. Accommodating might take the form of selfless generosity or charity, obeying another person’s order when one would prefer not to, or yielding to another person’s point of view. (c) Avoiding- The individual does not immediately pursue his or her own concerns or those of the other person. He or she does not address the conflict Avoiding may take form of diplomatic sidestepping of the issue, postponing an issue until a better time or simply withdrawing from a threatening situation. (d) Compromising – The objective is to find some expedient, mutually acceptable solution which partially  satisfies b parties. . Falls in the middle of Competing and accommodating. oth (e) Collaborating- The opposite of avoiding . Collaborating involves attempt to work with the other person to find some solution which fully satisfies the concerns of both persons. Initiation The most effective way to confront conflict situation is to state the tangible effect a conflict ha on you. s (f) Active Listening – Negotiators must be capable of hearing the other person’spoint of view . . while listening, do not think about how to reply in order to persuade . . argument – provoking replies should be avoided. . Active listening involves paraphrasing or restating what the other says. Idea or . Content should be considered as well as feelings. (g) Problem solving . Clarify the problem – After the above steps, each party should have a clear idea about what is the tangible issue. . Talk about what is needed or wanted ( be clear on facts and information). . Generate a list of possible solutions. CONFLICT CAUSES Nations, organizations and groups are made up of individual human beings. Each person has through experience developed a set of values and evolved a set of behavioural rules. These values and rulesare sufficiently alike in a given society to allow justice, morals and ethics to exist and create gener l a agreement about what is right and what is wrong. But the value-rule set for each individual is a unique set not fully shared by other humans..These differences in value-rule sets are most likely the basi c causes of conflict. 4 Another major cause of conflict is the motivation of the separate individuals. Each person is motiv ated  by a unique degree of satisfaction in a set of needs. It is quite likely that in a given situation the individual concerned will be aiming their personal efforts at slightly different objectives. Such objectives may be similar enough to permit cooperative effort but sufficiently different to createsome conflict. A common example is the â€Å"hot line â€Å" employed by many commanders as a means of staying in touch with the troops. This opportunity to short circuit supervisory channels often antagonizes intermediate managers, who may learn of a problem only when the commander confronts them with it.. Then, too, it may be possible for all to be motivated to behave toward the same goal accomplishment but to feel that the goal, when attained, will not be great enough for all to share adequately in the reward. Conflict may then occur as each person strives to attain their place in the sun. EFFECTS OF CONFLICTS Conflicts have both positive and negative effects. It can be positive when it encourages creativity, new looks at old conditions, the clarification of points of view, and the development of human capabilities to handle interpersonal differences. All of us have experienced a surge of creativity when we perm the it ideas of others to trigger our imagination, as for example in a brainstorming session. Conflicts can be negative when it creates resistance to change, establishes turmoil in organization or  interpersonal relations fosters distrust, builds a feeling of defeat or widens the chasm of misunderstanding. . Unfortunately the term â€Å"conflict† has only the connotation of â€Å"bad† for many people, so much that they think principally in terms of suppression, giving little or no attention to its more positive side. THE PERSON AND THE ORGANIZATION Conflicts occur when the needs and goals of the individual are not in harmony with the objectives a nd goals of the organization. Chris Argyris, in his discussion of man versus the organization, indic ates the high likelihood of the traditional goals and structures of organizations may be in conflict with the needs and goals of the personalities in the organization. This may be reflected in the efficient and omni potent bureaucracy that places emphasis on hierarchy, specialization of work, established norms of conduct ,  and explicit rules, often forgetting or overlooking the individual and his unique qualities. Traditionally, personal values tend to be hostile toward organizations, big government, big business, bureaucracy, and the military. Again, conflict can arise when interdependency exists. Employees become dependent on the organization to give their lives direction and meaning. Such dependency allows them to escape the burdens of personal responsibility. whereas we praise individualism in workers, the organization often require that s the individual be treated impersonally. Efficiency requirements in organizations also acts as a sou of rce conflict because they regularly demand that the goals and needs of the organization be given higher priority than the rights of individual. We therefore yield to the proposition that conflict between organizations and personal values is normal and a fact of life. Managing the inherent conflict between individual needs and organizational need demands a high degree of self awareness on the part of the manager. What am I willing to do in balancing of these needs? How much can I accommodate of the needs of other human beings in the organization and still serve the greater good of the company? One major influence on the manager’s actions or decisions will be his basic concept or philosophy about the nature of man. Douglas McGregor presents a famous dissertation on this subject in the considera tion  of Theory â€Å"X† and â€Å"Y†. Argyris offers a number of managerial consideration as well us Abraham Maslow propositions of various assumptions for managers to adopt for an enlightened approach to the individual-organization conflict situation. Research has led to conclusions that potential indivi dualorganization conflicts are heightened as management acts to reduce or  constrain the individual opportunity to decide. Organizations tend to make final decisions without input of the employees wi th the expectation that no mistakes would be made, no errors. This fosters conflict as the expectation may s be overwhelming. Unless the organization is supportive to the individual’s problem -solving efforts, such conflict continues and worsens 5 his ideas. Another source of individual versus organizational conflict is generated by the â€Å"new man† versus the â€Å"old man†. The innovator is always in a less supportive environment than the entrenched old hand. 1. Chris Argyris, Personality and Organization (New York: Harper Torchbooks,1957), Chapters III andVII. 2. Douglas McGregor, The Human Side of Enterprise (New York: McGraw- Hill, 1960) 3. Argyris, pp.232-37 4. Abraham Maslow, Eupsychian Management (Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, 1965), pp. 17-33 5. Harry Levinson, The Exceptional Executive: A psychological Conception (Cambridge, Massachussets: Harvard University Press, 1968), pp. 204-7. 6Argyris, p. 234 7. Fredrick W. Hertzberg, â€Å"The Wise Old Turk† Harvard Business Review, September- October 1974, pp. 70-80. Sources of conflict For managers to effectively manage conflicts, they need to understand their source. Basic sourcesof conflict are, semantic , role , values. Semantic sources are those stemming from some failure in communication. Traditionally, semantic has to do with the meaning of words, but here that is just one phase of its role. We use semantics to point out major source of conflict as the failure of two individuals to share fully the meaning of a communicative attempt. The cause of the failure may be technical problems in the communication process (static, filters, barriers etc)., or they may be ac tual  differences in perception and understanding. The result being an absence of agreement thus conflict . Role sources are those that rise out of the varying perceptions of people about the expected behaviours of themselves and others. Many of these come from the status and position levels in organizations. Others come from the structures and processes devised by management to organize work, channel effort ,and coordinate activity. Value sources have their foundations in the individuals value sets of people. These value sets readily contribute to differences between people because they are different. Theycause each of us at times to respond or behave in an unexpected manner because we are behaving as dictated by a value set not fully shared by our associates, hence a sense on their part of a difference between us. What is effective in one value conflict situation may not be in the next. The separation as statedabove is for the knowledgeable researcher and other resource persons. But our daily conflict is a combinatio of n elements from more than one source. We can not therefore say that the three sources are distinct. E ach affects the others to some degree. Individual reaction to conflict Since conflict may be positive or negative, there may be a range of reactions to conflict. Such rea ctions may range from high expectations and pleasure to absolute rejection. Broadly, an individual in conflict situation has only two options i.e sign up or ship out. Massie and Douglas identify certain situation of dilemma in the conflict situation which they call â€Å"Zone of indifference† 8. Joseph L. Massie and John Douglas, Managing: A Contemporary Introduction (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 1973), p.219. MEANS TO RESOLVE OR REDUCE CONFLICT Basic to other considerations in resolving conflicts is that the parties to the conflict need to tr st each u  other and must be capable and willing to locate the source of the conflict. Conflict situations pre sent  different options to the concerned parties. We can decide to do nothing about the conflict. But what will be the result of non action?. If one remains in conflict situation then sooner rather than later the tension will increase and one of the parties will strive to win over the other o to drive him or her out. Or even r worse, the losing party may become more aggressive or hostile and counter attack the element frustr ting a The result of non action may be dysfunctional as the decision to do nothing may not be the best in certain situations while it may be good in some. One method often applied in conflict situations is the use of super ordinate goals. For example, the entire work force, taken as a whole, is something of a super ordinate goal uniting conflicting groups bene ath that umbrella. |The manager gets the group to see how conflict affects productivity, thus reducing, the smaller groups stake in the overall organizations success. The approach is similar to the common enemy approach, wherein the groups in competition find unity viewing an outside group as a common enemy. . This unity can hide or lessen conflict in groups. A unique method to resolve conflict is to increase interaction between conflicting groups by physically exchanging persons between conflicting groups. For example, if the gizmo unit is having difficulty dealing with the gadget unit, a temporary shifting of people between these groups could help the conflicting elements learn the other’s problems and frame of reference. the result could be better communications, greater understanding and less future conflict. The quickest resolution is a confrontation meeting. The manager should however, be warned that confrontation requires complete preparedness on his part. He must have the facts of the conflict siuation t  and confidence in his self-control and his ability to use diplomacy, tact and problem solving. But then, he must appreciate the fact that confrontation may worsen not better the situation. Basic to this efforts to resolve or reduce the conflict is the idea of avoiding win-lose situations. Sports and other recreational activities often acquire their flavor by win-lose  situations, but the same may not be good for an organizational conflict situation. There are situations where the manager may seek to repress confl ict. This is true where the differences between the two conflicting elements are not relevant to the organizational task. Such conflict is bad to the organization. These differences are petty and self serving, thereby causing activity in which the participants try to win to preserve the sanctity of the original stand. A significant aid to the manager in such conflicts is an understanding of the human process of perception, process of handling stimuli in accordance with our values, rules, wishes, an d fears. With this understanding , the manager may explain to the conflicting parties how they are misreading the situational data. thus may find ways to suppress the conflict. 9. Dubin Robert. Human Relations in Administration Fourth Edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 1974. 10. Hersey, Paul, and Kenneth H. Blanchard, Management of Organizational behaviour, Second Edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 1974. 2.3 Critique of Existing Literature relevant to the study Based on past studies and review of major issues, it has been established that conflict has a grea t  impact on organizational effectiveness. Many studies have captured the basic foundations of the co nflict  and therefore have provided the organizations with the data and information on best approaches to apply in conflict situations. However, the many alternative approaches may not fit every organization and thus some may require unique combinations that may be difficult and hence require high levels of understanding by the management to handle and probably prescribe best solutions to. 7 Chapter Three METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design The research design in the case of Lucgeor Enterprises was the collection of data through intervie ws, questionnaires , observations and surveys. Then the relevant data was sieved and refined to conform with the requirements of the study. 3.2 Population Lucgeor Enterprises has an employee population of 43 persons both permanent and casual. Because the population was small , the researcher took the whole population for the purpose of data collection. Table 3.1 Study population Department No of Respondents Administration 5 Finance 4 Marketing 6 Procurement & Stores 11 Production 17 Total 43 3.3 Sampling Frame Due to the small no of employees , the whole population was considered and thus given equal treatme nt. 3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique No. samples were taken as the whole population was taken for consideration. No technique was thus utilized as the whole population was considered. 3.5 Instruments The instruments that the researcher applied in the process were, questionnaires and interviews to corroborate some of the information provided. Use of questionnaires were relevant and convenient because the respondents were all literate and thus were able to fill the forms independently. 3.6 Data Collection Procedure The researcher prepared 43 pieces of questionnaires which he diligently distributed to all employee of s Lucgeor Enterprises. the respondents were requested to fill the questionnaires within two weeks an d return the same to the researcher. 3.7 Data Processing and Analysis Data gathered from the respondents through the questionnaires were cleaned, then selected into vari us o categories by coding . They were then analysed by use of quantitative and qualitative techniques . the information generated from the analysis were thus presented in the form of tables, pie charts, andbar graphs. 8 Chapter Four RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Introduction Data was presented in the form of tables, pie charts and graphs, which made the interpretation 4.2 Presentation The researcher presented the data in various forms which captured all the areas of interest to the study as follows. 4.3 Response rate. The researcher administered 43 questionnaires of which the return rate was 41 thus constituting an average of 95%. The response was such that the researcher was able to gather fully the necessary daa t for the study. Table 4.1 Response rate. No of questionnaires adminstered No. of questionnaires returned 43 41 Percentage 95% 4.4 Causes of Conflict at Lucgeor Enterprises The researcher administered 43 questionnaires of which the return rate was 41 thus constituting an average of 95%. The response was such that the researcher was able to gather fully the necessary daa t for the study. Table 4.2 Causes of Conflict Causes of conflict No. of respondents Percentage Poor Management 12 29% Poor Remuneration 16 39% 5 12% 8 20% Lack of training and skills Incompetence amongst staff 9 Pie Chart 4.1 Causes of Conflict No. of Respondents Poor Management Poor Remuneration Lack of Training Incompetency among employees Analysis From table 4.2 and chart 4.1 , the causes of conflicts at Lucgeor Enterprises were as follows. Poor Management Poor Remuneration 29% 39% 12% 20% Lack of training and skills Incompetence amongst staff The above information shows that the one issue which the employees feel as the main cause of conflict with management is poor remuneration. The second item that they prioritize as a major conflict are is a the management of the organization. While the other conflict prone issue is lack of training and skills. The employees feel that the people put in charge of departments are not properly trained and thus lack the requisite skills to manage the departments. This thus results in incompetency of the employees to perform their tasks effectively. Effects of Conflict Table 4.3 Effects of Conflict Effects of conflict No. of respondents Percentage Poor Performance 23 56% Lack of Motivation 11 27% 3 7% 4 10% Negative Stereotyping Distorted Perceptions 10 Pie Chart 4.2 Effects of Conflict No. of Respondents Poor Performance Lack of Motivation Negative Stereotyping Distorted Perceptions Analysis From the above information, the main effect of conflict in organizations  according to the responses are, Poor performance, Lack of motivation, Distorted perceptions and Negative stereotyping in that order. Discussion From the above responses, there is a clear pattern regarding the cause and effect relationships amogst n the various factors at play. It is worth noting that the cardinal goal of any organization is the achievement of efficient operational performance and productivity within the standard working hours. When an organization can not achieve the projected production levels within the set time lines, it is a cause to worry. An analysis of the causes and effects gave us results as stated below. The main causes of conflict as stated above is the research were Poor remuneration, Poor management, Lack of training and skills and Incompetence amongst staff in that order. While the effects of conflicts in organizations are, Poor performance, Lack of motivation, Distorted perceptions and Negative stereotyping. 11 Chapter Five Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Introduction Workplace conflict is a major concern for most companies. It is inevitable in any situation where human beings operate. People have different values , beliefs and ways of life which they probably hold dear or believe to be the best as opposed to what other people have or believe in. Away has to be found to balance the various interests and align the same with the organizational goals. Proper systems of managing conflicts enables organizations to achieve the best out of such conflicts as well as meet the objectives and goals of the organization. 5.2 Summary If managed poorly or avoided altogether, conflict can be extremely costly to an organization. If managed well, conflict presents an opportunity to uncover value and promote a healthy workplace. Many organizations are  finding that their conflict management systems have been good financial investments, producing a healthy return. In addition, they are recognizing the value of many less tangible benefits (e.g. improved morale, lower turnover, increased efficiencies, and improved public relations). A rigorous four-phased process of (i) Assessment (ii) Design (iii) Implementation and, (iv) Operation and evaluation helps organization design effective conflict management systems to reap the maximum benefits of conflict management. The above four phased approach to conflict management, encourages the Conflict Management System (CMS) team to genuinely seek to understand and incorporate the needs and interests of all affected constituencies and create an environment in which benefits of the CMS system can be effectively communicated, implemented and adminstered. 5.3 Conclusions Productivity losses add up quickly when workplace conflict is not pro-actively and successfully managed. Over a number of days, months and years, multiplied by the number of employees affected, the real money value lost can be staggering. It is evident that there are tremendous advantages to pre-emptively deal with conflict in the workplace before it escalates beyond an organization’s ability to resolve, or , worse , even contain it. A well designed CMS can have a significant positive impact on the quality of life if its employees, as well as its bottom line. Specifically, addressing the cost of conflict in the workplace can have a transformative impact on the overall health and well-being of an organization. 5.4 Recommendations The management of an organization needs to focus on the best methods of handling conflicts and their resolution. This may involve (I)Management Training The training may have several components which may include (a) The introductory part The training should highlight the various causes , effects and outcomes of conflict situations. This will help to lower the frequency of destructive conflicts and reduce the impacts on the organizational operations. Such training would afford the trainees the necessary greater sense of self-awareness in dealing effectively with all types of conflict situations. Implementing a well -thought out training program to address the harmful effects of conflict is like performing preventive medicine. 12 the other components of the training would include (b) Conflict Awareness training  © Communication Training (d) Negotiation Training (e) Manager Awareness (f) Neutral third -party Interventions B) Increasing Staff Salaries In order to motivate employees, the management should consider raising the salaries of employees as away of motivating them to perform effectively. C) Improving the Management of the Company A deliberate effort and resources should be employed towards management development . The Management development should be tailored towards enhancing the managerial skills and interpersonal skills of management staff thus ensuring proper management of the organization. Again the management should be encouraged to adhere to the rules and regulations, procedures and laws governing industri al relations thus having good working relations with staff. D) Staff Participation and Team working To avoid negative stereotyping and disjointed communication, the management needs to focus on improving the participation of staff in decision making in the company besides ensuring that proper communication between employees themselves and between employees and management is cordial thus eliminating negative feeling and other forms of unwanted practices amongst staff, which may strain their working relationships. 13 Reference Dubin Robert. Human Relations in Administration Fourth Edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 1974. Hersey, Paul, and Kenneth H. Blanchard, Management of Organizational behaviour, Second Edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 1974. Douglas McGregor, The Human Side of Enterprise (New York: McGraw- Hill, 1960) Abraham Maslow, Eupsychian Management (Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, 1965), pp. 17-33 Harry Levinson, The Exceptional Executive: A psychological Conception (Cambridge, Massachussets: Harvard University Press, 1968), pp. 204-7. Chris Argyris, Personality and Organization (New York: Harper Torchbooks,1957), Chapters III andVII. Argyris, pp.232-37 Argyris, p. 234 Fredrick W. Hertzberg, â€Å"The Wise Old Turk† Harvard Business Review, September- October 1974, pp. 70-80. Joseph L. Massie and John Douglas, Managing: A Contemporary Introduction (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, 1973), p.219. 14 Appendices Questionnaire Foreward I am a student of Mount Kenya University, taking an undergraduate degree programme in the field of Human Resources Management. As part of the requirement for the fulfilment of the course work, I am required to carry out a research study on the effects of Conflict in the workplace. I have chosen y our organization, as the most potential one because of its size, convenience and reputation for the purpose of the study. I have prepared comprehensive questions regarding the subject matter to enable me gather information and  gain the much needed insight. The information given will be treated with utmost confidentiality and purely for the academic purpose. Kindly give the most appropriate responses by ticking one of the options provided Name Department Position / Rank 1. What are the main causes of conflict within the organization? Poor Management Poor Remuneration Lack of training and skills Incompetence amongst staff 2 . What effect does conflict have on employees’ productivity? Poor Performance Lack of Motivation Distorted Perceptions Negative Stereotyping 3 . What is the most effective Conflict Management method? Avoidance Collaboration Open confrontation Hiding feelings 15 4 . What kind of conflict management strategies does your organization use in resolving conflict in the organization? Avoidance Collaboration Open confrontation Hiding feelings 5. What are some of the costs associated with conflict in your organization? Lost Man-hours due to conflict Absentieesm Lost business due to delays in executing jobs Labour inefficiency 6 . Does the organization have conflict awareness training programme for its management? Yes. No. If the answer to the above question is yes, please give the dates and how many times in the recent past 7 . What kind of conflict awareness training does the organization offer to its management? Communication Negotiation Neutral Third party Coaching 16

Jack Kerouac and the beat movement essays

Jack Kerouac and the beat movement essays World War II marked a wide dividing line between the old and the new in American society and the nations literature(The World Book Encyclopedia 427) . When world War II ended there was a pent up desire that had been postponed due to the war. Post war America brought about a time when it seemed that every young man was doing the same thing, getting a job, settling down and starting a family. America was becoming a nation of consumers. One group that was against conforming to this dull American lifestyle was referred to as Beatniks. The Beats or Beatniks condemned middle class American life as morally bankrupt. They praised individualism as the highest human goal(The World Book Encyclopedia 428). This perspective was present in poetry and literature through out the beat movement. One of the most important works produced during the beat movement was Jack Kerouacs On The Road. In the novel Jack Kerouacs alter ego Sal Paradise represents the American man who realizes he doesnt want to conform to societies pressures but still hasnt realized what it is exactly he wants to do. He is a man who has very little direction and is very much lost in the world as he knows it. Kerouac seems to be constantly trying to escape. In examining the novel one might wonder what is Kerouac escaping and by what means does he do so? Kerouac used two means of escape through out the novel and through out his life. His first means of escape was his constant travel. He traveled from east to west, New York to San Francisco and stopped everywhere in between. He made this trip over and over, constantly on the road. The simple title of the novel exemplifies Kerouacs ongoing need to travel. When he and his friends got tried of traveling east to west they traveled north to south, driving all the way down to Mexico City. His travels gave him the opportunity to be an outsider with no worries. He ...

Free Essays on Plagiarism

. The student paraphrased too closely to the original work, or that the quotation marks were forgotten. There was no malice or intent to cheat by the student. The punishment would also be redefined; the student would have their grade for the paper lowered or they could get an ‘F’ for the paper, but would not fail the class. By redefining plagiarism, teachers would only need to spend their extra time on the students that truly stole someone else’s work and not spend their time on the students who made an unintentional mistake. In today’s busy world, everyone is going here and there and students are no different. They have jobs, classes, clubs, sports, family responsibilities and friends. Students ... Free Essays on Plagiarism Free Essays on Plagiarism As defined by The American Heritage College Dictionary, the term plagiarize means â€Å"to use and pass off (the ideas or writings of another) as one’s own; to appropriate for use as one’s own passages or ideas from (another).† Plagiarism is an issue facing schools worldwide, especially since the Internet has become available for student use. Consequences of plagiarism range from failing the paper to being expelled from the student’s high school or university. Students may now go online and find millions of copies of papers and essays already written. Websites such as schoolsucks.com, freeessay.com, planetpapers.com, and many others offer students in any grade papers already written for either free or a price. They may also order a custom written essay from some websites. Using â€Å"cheat sites,† such as schoolsucks.com, can be an easy way for teachers to spot students that have plagiarized. Most of the essays available on these cheat sites are of a different quality than that of what the student should be writing at. Many high school students attempt to turn in essays that are written on a collegiate level and vice versa. The Internet can be exceptionally helpful on one hand, yet extremely harmful on the other. Students have the advantage of looking up information for reports and essays much quicker than reading through numerous textbooks. This allows the student to do most research at home, as many students have computers and Internet access at home. They also do not have to worry about getting to the library in time to read through encyclopedias, textbooks, and other research books. However, teachers must always be on the lookout for different forms of plagiarism when allowing students to use the Internet. There are many things teachers can do to help avoid plagiarism in their classrooms. Teachers should always post their rules of Internet usage on the bulletin board or in the front of the classroom to avoid any... Free Essays on Plagiarism Plagiarism In high school and college, plagiarism is on the rise and administrators believe this is bad, immoral and unethical. They believe it is stealing someone else’s ideas, their hard work, research, time, and that a student does not learn if they plagiarize. There are several reasons why students choose to use the words and ideas of another rather than to author their own thoughts and words. If everyone were to take a different look at plagiarism, the number of reasons a student plagiarizes could be reduced. Plagiarism is defined as taking the work or ideas of someone else and passing it off as one’s own. If plagiarism were redefined to have two levels of offence and two levels of punishment, this would help teachers, administrators and students. The first level of plagiarism would be called plagiarism in the first-degree and defined as, copying the words and ideas of someone else and passing them off as their own, on purpose, with intent and malice. The punishment would be that the student would get an ‘F’ for the paper and fail the class. The second level of plagiarism would be plagiarism in the second-degree. This definition would be that there was no intention to copy someone else’s ideas or words. The student paraphrased too closely to the original work, or that the quotation marks were forgotten. There was no malice or intent to cheat by the student. The punishment would also be redefined; the student would have their grade for the paper lowered or they could get an ‘F’ for the paper, but would not fail the class. By redefining plagiarism, teachers would only need to spend their extra time on the students that truly stole someone else’s work and not spend their time on the students who made an unintentional mistake. In today’s busy world, everyone is going here and there and students are no different. They have jobs, classes, clubs, sports, family responsibilities and friends. Students ... Free Essays on Plagiarism Plagiarism In today’s society there are many excuses that student’s use regarding his or her â€Å"academic honesty†. Most students say that they are constantly tempted to turn in someone else’s work. Lack of time, ignorance, and parental, societal, and self-induced pressure to succeed are all motives behind the students’ willingness to plagiarize. However, do these factors justify the students’ willingness to participate in plagiarism? Many students today have other responsibilities outside of their schoolwork. Jobs, sports, family, and friends all seem to take out a big chunk of his or her free time. This may result in the student having to prioritize the events that go on in his everyday life. In many cases, this results in school assignments getting pushed to the bottom of the list. Once something is deemed as a low-priority task, it is often overlooked and frequently forgotten about until the bight before or the day that the assignment is due. This leads many to go into a panic mode and seek out desperate measures, such as plagiarizing. Nonetheless, this panicking can be easily avoided. Most teachers generously give assignments at least a week in advance, depending on the nature of the assignment. This is Manley 2 plenty of time to complete the assigned work. If a student were to do a little work each day then that would lessen the work, leaving plenty of time to socialize and engage in other activities. Another common excuse for plagiarizing is because students lack the appropriate time-management skills. This ties is almost directly related with having to prioritize events and tasks that take place in everyday life. Some continuously put things off, thinking, â€Å"I’ll do that later†. Students are expert procrastinators; they will continue to put off their assignments until is it absolutely essential for them to sit down and contemplate how they should begin. Often this revelation does not occu...

Principle of observation

Principle of observation The principle of observation can be defined as the art of passing knowledge or ideas by viewing the actions of a model from which one imitates (Bandura, 1962). This method of learning is also referred to as the social learning theory. Observational learning is very effective to all humans regardless of their age. Children for instance, are socialized into their personality through imitating their parents’ or other siblings’ actions. They learn the basics in life to the very complex of actions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Principle of observation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In work places on the other hand, the same technique is often utilized during trainings. For instance, new members of staff learn a lot more through observation than is the case with learning through reading or other learning methods. A recruit could be assigned a workmate who has more experience in that particular field, and is expected to acquire skills. The first proponent of this principle of observation learning was Albert Bandura, who was a Canadian by nationality. Bandura (1977) has it that Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action. (p22). Observation learning engages four main ideas for it to be most effective. These ideas include; attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. A learner ought to engage all of his/her undivided attention to the process of observation. This ensures every detail of the actions is well captured for imitation to be successful. Once the action is done, the learner should retain a clear mental image of the details in the ac t. This mental image should aid the learner to reproduce the action along with all its complexity. All in all, it would be difficult for a learner to appreciate a certain action which he/she has no interest in. Therefore, there should be some source of motivation to build up his/her interest level. For example, a promotion would work well at the work place (1962). The following is a description of the structure to put in place for employees to appreciate putting away or leaving work materials/ equipment in the best condition for another person to use. First and fore most, call an early morning meeting to bring to the employees’ attention the tendency to leave equipments in bad states has been noted. Show them evidences of what you are talking about, for example dirty tools, broken down equipments etc. Let them know the problem associated with the condition of the equipments, like wastage of time in trying to clear previous day’s messes. Secondly, provide solutions to t he problem. This can be done by providing ideas on the easiest and most effective ways of cleaning the equipment in the case of dirty tools. Incase of equipments, show easy ways of maintenance or way to prevent damage while using the equipment. Ensure that you demonstrate each detail by action to show them that what they might have perceived as impossible is actually possible. Also, ensure that they do it themselves so as to retain the concept in their minds.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Appoint some of the employees to ensure that this becomes a daily routine along with normal practices of the organization. This ensures that this becomes the responsibility of each worker to see to it that he/she returns equipment in a better condition than he/she found it. Moreover, ensure that once in a while equipments are inspected by those in authority. This should see to it that emp loyees avoid misusing equipment as there are charges incase of a damage associated to maliciousness. Last but not least, it is important to motivate the workers towards good equipment maintenance practices. Motivation could come through promoting those that adhere to the new rules of engagement, or just by complementing the workers efforts. Alternatively, workers could be charged for any losses to the organization as a result of misuse or mismanagement of equipment. Observation learning has quite a number of strengths, especially due to the fact that it is responsible for socializing children to have a personality. This method covers quite a number of explanations which would otherwise take a lot of effort to put across by text. The method uses more than one mode of learning. It addresses the issue at hand from a wide range of perceptions since it involves all the five senses. Thus, it is easier for a learner to capture an idea hence less effort for the teacher (Akers, 1977). Furthe r, observation learning is effective because making the learner motivated simply comes by complementing his/ her efforts to imitate the master model. Sooner rather than later, the learner develops a high degree of expertise that he/she no longer requires to observe his/her master. He/she becomes a force to recon. Besides text, other resources on observational learning include images on power point presentations. This could be used to explain details besides what is written. Also, the teacher could use models, which could be experts in particular fields. Their time and effort are resources. Reference List Akers, R. (1977). Deviant Behavior: A Social Learning Approach. Belmont Mass, Wadsworth: NY. Bandura, A. (1962). Social Learning through Imitation. University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln, NE.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Principle of observation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Performance Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Performance Management - Term Paper Example The basic similarity between all the three books is that all of them provide practical examples and implications of the studies carried out in the workplaces. However, discussing the differences, the book, â€Å"Motivating Human Service Staff† written by Reid and Parsons the focus is on increasing motivation through supervisory control where authors have the view that employees should be made to work hard, but at the same time, they should enjoy their work because they are either given good incentives or are acknowledged, recognized and praised for performing well. In this regard, Reid & Parsons provided an example stating that in service industries most of the employees are seen having low morale or reduced levels of motivation, the reason being that the nature of such industries lacks clear incentives. Moreover, it is seen that even the workforce itself carries such de-motivating traits because either their organizational structure is autocratic, or they may not have a histo ry to work in the same profession before. Thus, as per the authors, during these situations, motivation becomes the responsibility of the management, and it is necessary for them to identify ways to support diligent workforce.Such examples given in the book show that Reid and Parson feel that the changes in behavior, as well as, skills can be carried if the employees are given a clear set of goals to accomplish along with key drivers that provide support for them to accomplish their goals.

In what respects has the process of globalization changed the Essay

In what respects has the process of globalization changed the international political agenda - Essay Example s closer and has created a level of interdependence between these nations, where the economies, social structures and security relationships of these countries have been connected in an interwoven web of an intricate delicacy.(Skolnikoff,2001). There are still those who suggest that the world has â€Å"gone beyond interdependence†, to the point that there has become â€Å"a tightly woven fabric of international agreements, organizations, and institutions that shape relations with each other and penetrate deeply into their internal economics and politics.† (Chayes &Chayes, 1995). Due to this, many people argue that the phenomenon of globalization has created a sense of demarcation of boundaries and territories and has threatened the age old concept of the Nation-state. Linklater (1998) comments that globalization has created a sense of pressure on the political systems of the world and "it has become essential to question the assumption that citizenship has no meaning apart from the sovereign nation-state†. This idea that the world has been interconnected to the point that there has arisen a lack of national identities has had far reaching impacts around the world and has not only effected social and economical factors of countries around the world but also the international political ideals and agendas. He says that â€Å"globalization and fragmentation erode traditional conceptions of the community and reduce the moral significance of national boundaries. Putzel (2004) is of the opinion that â€Å"patterns of globalization and liberalization need to be examined in light of their political consequences, especially in the context of situations of state collapse and violent conflict†. , a fact which has had a transformational effect on the terrain of politics and the political agendas of countries around the world. The author suggests that this movement of globalization which has weakened the concept of Nation-State and has instated a sort of semi-democracy in most

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Article Review - Essay Example The aim of this research was laid out as to understand how the participants for the project triumph over the perceived obstacles to their progress and what methodologies do they adopt for learning in their schools. While this tries to identify the reason behind how a few of the boys perform well and why they do not move to a better school once their talent is identified. The paper takes a qualitative approach. Two schools are taken as samples, which are considered best among the academically unacceptable schools. Eleven students, two teachers and two principals participated in the survey. The survey consisted of a questionnaire with ten open ended questions that would bring about qualitative reasoning to the fore. In this case of data collection, quantitative is certainly the best option and the author has selected the same for the purpose. The inferences drawn by the author during the course of interviews both audio and a form filling one, has been directed more at the target of the research. The methodology adopted and the nature of the questionnaire is the best suited for this purpose. Though, a quantitative methodology analysing the status of the students and the relative observations would have helped in providing large database.

Implementing Change for JLL company Research Paper

Implementing Change for JLL company - Research Paper Example e a hard time to the individuals, as they have to cut down their needs and compromise even the basic needs of their life in order to sustain in the long run. The personal savings came down remarkably which affected every household. The lucrative real estate sector worldwide encountered a drastic change in its profit amount as the demand for the housing and apartments decreased drastically. As a result, the worldwide real estate sector has to encounter drastic decrease in income and demand (Mathiassen and Nielsen, 2000; West, 2005). JLL is one the biggest real estate company in the world; along with real estate business the company also engages in providing financial services to its customers. In order to expand its territory and business, the company has engaged in several merger and acquisition activities. The need for merger and acquisition has resulted from the urge to penetrate and consolidate the greater part of the real estate business. Hence, it has competed about 35 mergers and acquisition activities, which have provided them with both inorganic and organic growth. It is known that a company can attain organic and inorganic growth only by making partners and undertaking merger and acquisition of the resources. The company aims at providing it services to three main geographic locations in the world: Europe, Middle East and Africa, Americas and Asia Pacific. The company has expended its territory by spreading business worldwide and setting corporate offices to support its operations. However, after the financial crisis the company has lost its constant investment opportunities by individuals all over the world (Belt, 2004). Along with that it has also lost the common base of customers with the emergence of Ukraine- Russia conflict. This added flame to the disastrous situation and the revenue and profit of the company decreased to a great extent. The fall in demand for residential as well as commercial buildings have affected the company finance

Pharmaceutical Industry in United States Assignment

Pharmaceutical Industry in United States - Assignment Example The Company conducts business in virtually all countries of the world with the primary focus on products related to human health and well-being. The paper presents the financial ratio analysis of Johnson & Johnson for the past three financial years and highlights its financial outlook. The ratios presents the company’s financial outlook is strengthened and is able to manage its finances prudently. The ratio analysis shows that the company has enough liquid assets through which it can pay off its liabilities and also can finance its operation for the foreseeable future. Moreover, the company is efficient enough, as represented by the ratios, to reduce its cash operating cycle and convert its sales into money quickly. The analysis shows that it would be prudent to invest in the company as the shareholders can earn significant return through capital gain, by disposing the shares later, and also through dividend. Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry in United States The top of the worldwide pharmaceutical market is the US and it is expected to hit almost $345 billion in 2014. The second largest market is the Japanese market and then the European market including Germany France, and Chinese market (Market line industry guide, 2012). However, the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (IFPW) shows that growth rates in developed and developing markets based on their capability to recover from the economic crisis is significantly inconsistent. According to the research of Urch Publishing (2012), the global pharmaceutical industry in 2014 is expected to be worth over $1 trillion with a 5% compound annual growth rate. The pharmaceutical industry becomes more competitive. Major competitor companies Company HQ location Pharmaceutical Segment Sales Total revenue Share of pharmaceutical segment $Million $Million % Johnson & Johnson US 25,400 67,224 38% Pfizer US 51,214 58,986 87% Novartis Switzerland 32,153 56,673 57% Merck US 40,601 47,267 86% Roche Switzerland 35,200 45,500 77% Sanofi-Aventis France 39,940 42435 94% AstraZeneca UK 43,143 43,143 100% GlaxoSmithKline UK 27,758 40,722 68% Eli Lily US 19,934 22,603 88% Source: 2012 Annual Report of the companies As Table5 shows, the majority of the largest pharmaceutical companies not only focused exclusively on pharmaceutical products such as AstraZeneca and Sanofi-Aventis but also developed and manufactured other health care products. However, they still regard pharmaceutical partitions as the core of their business that offer over 50% of their incomes. However, Johnson & Johnson is an exception because its sales of pharmaceutical products are 38% of total sales. I will analyze GlaxoSmithKline firstly because it is significant competitor of AstraZeneca in the UK. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is a science-led global healthcare corporation researches and develops a wide range of innovative products. GSK is Britain’s biggest drug maker (Hirschler, 2012). A balanced synergisti c business, with multiple growths, drivers supporting a core pharmaceutical R&D operation (2010 Annual report, p3). It has three primary areas of business including Pharmaceuticals, Vaccines and Consumer Healthcare. It has created more diversified business for past five years. Moreover, delivery of sustainable growth across portfolios is GlaxoSmithKline’s objective. It has 87 manufacturing sites and R&D centers in the UK, USA, Spain, Belgium and China. Its purpose of R&D is to improve its pipeline products safely and efficiently to produce new medicines, which deliver improved treatments that